Quantum mechanics is the description of motion and interaction of particles at the small scales where the discrete
nature of the physical world becomes important. Quantum mechanics represented a fundamental break with classical
physics, in which energies and angular momenta were regarded as
continuous quantities that could change by arbitrary amounts. The first break with classical physics was performed by
Planck 
who, in order to explain the observed spectrum of a blackbody, was forced to postulate that the
oscillators in a blackbody could attain only certain quantized energies. Niels Bohr
had a large influence on the development of quantum mechanics through his so-called "Copenhagen
Interpretation," a philosophical construct which was formulated to provide a fundamental framework for understanding
the implicit assumptions, limitations, and applicability of the theory of quantum mechanics. Einstein
subsequently postulated that electromagnetic radiation could exist only in discrete units, called
photons. This was followed by Bohr's postulate that the angular momentum of electrons orbiting a
hydrogen atom was quantized, and led to a formula that correctly predicted the observed line spectrum of the hydrogen
atom. Another early development was the de Broglie wavelength and the concept of wave-particle duality.
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